When it regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Estonia had to completely re-invent itself. In many ways, the country had to think and act like a start-up. In this, it was aided by Estonians’ entrepreneurial spirit, which had survived centuries of domination by the Danes, Germans, Swedes, and Russians. Resilience is deeply embedded in the culture of this country. The most obvious shift was by making e-services core to government, which began two decades ago a